Fulfillment is Gained Through Philosophical Thought Essay -- philosoph

Fulfillment is Gained Through Philosophical ThoughtThe ability to think philosophical is the ability to truly understand and know ones surroundings and everything that influences those surroundings to the degree that knowledge becomes the ultimate understanding and appreciation of the surroundings without move. With this ultimate understanding, a philosopher is fitted to appreciate life and live life to a fuller degree than the average psyche. Unfortunately, becoming a philosopher or even recognizing a philosopher can be difficult. Therefore, in order to live a philosophical life, one must understand what philosophy is and have a clear perception of why they confide a life as a philosopher and the hardships that ultimately coincide with it. A philosopher is a person that desires one part of something no greater than the other. He eagerly and freely tries wholly kinds of learning and avidly wants more knowledge at all cartridge clips. Unfortunately, a dead on target philosopher can be confused with a person of similar characteristics, a person of sight and sound. The true philosopher is one that searches for the truth behind something that is, unlike the person of sight and sound that only sees or hears what is and then(prenominal) moves on to the next thing, only soak uping and listening to it and only appreciating what they can see and hear. The true philosopher searches for the eternal truth behind what is or what is not in determination of reaching the ultimate conclusion on that which is. For example, if we use beauty as a subject, a person of sight or sound would view or hear something beautiful and know it is beautiful and enjoy its beauty and that is it they would not however search or desire the nature of beauty itself (476 b-c). This is what separates a true philosopher from a person of sight and sound. Thus, a philosopher not only enjoys the object that is beautiful, but he appreciates the meaning of beauty, comparing it to other beautiful th ings, desiring and embrace the ultimate nature of beauty along with the physical object that is beautiful. The understanding of this beauty as itself allows the philosopher to fully and ultimately understand, like or dislike, or question or conclude anything that he may further want to comprehend on the subject of beauty. Thus, comprehension of this sort gives the true philosopher knowledge of beauty earlier than simple opinion. ... ...ot want to share the philosophical knowledge that the philosopher is willing to give because of their predetermined ideas and beliefs. Unfortunately, this refusal and harshness the majority exhibit towards philosophy is caused by those outsiders, rulers and guardians of the city, who do not belong and who have abused one another by indulging in quarrels and arguments in a way that is wholly inappropriate to philosophy (500 a-c). Until the time when philosophers control the city as guardians, they will have to be careful, yet dedicated, to the task of philosophical teaching and thought. With an ultimate understanding and appreciation of the surroundings a philosopher holds as knowledge, he is able to see the truest meanings of life. Unfortunately, not being appreciated by all people and having difficult times at reaching the true understandings for some things weighs hard on a philosopher. Yet, with his courage and high-mindedness, the philosopher is able to be patient with his hardships. Eventually, while forming an understanding and knowledge of everything that surrounds him, the philosopher learns to live a life of fullness, appreciating all that is and all that might not be.

case study Leonardo Bridge Project Essay -- essays research papers

When Leonardo da Vinci designed a 240 meters noseband it would have been the longest bridge in the world. His plan was ambitious. In 1502, a skeptical sultan rejected Leonardos design as impossible, but 300 years genteelization finally embraced the technology principle - arches as supports - underlying the construction. The bridge has been constructed, in Norway.Now instead of spanning the Bosporus , his visionary creation was destined to span 500 years as a bridge to another millennium. Vebjorn Sand, the man behind the modern assure, has a site with images and details.http//www.vebjorn-sand.com/thebridge.htmLeonardo Bridge ProjectIn 1502 Leonardo da Vinci did a unsophisticated drawing of a graceful bridge with a single span of 720-foot span (approximately 240-meters.) Da Vinci designed the bridge as part of a civil engineering project for Sultan Bajazet II of Constantinople (Istanbul.) The bridge was to span the sumptuous Horn, an inlet at the mouth of the Bosphorus River in what is now Turkey.The Bridge was never built.Leonardos "Golden Horn" Bridge is a perfect "pressed-bow." Leonardo surmised correctly that the classic keystone arch could be stretched narrow and substantially widened without losing integrity by use a flared foothold, or pier, and the terrain to anchor distributively end of the span. It was conceived 300 years prior to its engineering principals being generally accepted. It was to be 72 feet-wide (24 meters), 1080-foot total length (360 meters) and 120 feet (40 meters) above the sea level at the highest point of the span. Norwegian painter and public art creator, Vebjrn Sand, saw the drawing and a posture of the bridge in an exhibition on da Vincis architectural & engineering designs in 1996. The power of the simple design overwhelmed him. He conceived of a project to bring its eternal beauty to life. The Norwegian Leonardo Bridge Project makes history as the first of Leonardos civil engineering designs to be co nstructed for public use.Vebjrn Sand took the project to the Norwegian Public Roads Administration. Though hardly a visionary organization, when Sand presented the project the reaction was unanimous. "Everyone on the project knew we would be making something more than another boring bridge," Sand says of his meetings with government officials, "We would be... ...or the Project.Through the process of development, these world-class architects and engineers have joined Vebjrn Sand to create a "dream team" of experts on the history, design and structural aspects of the "Queen of Bridges" prepared to implement the global project. Sands vision to build the bridge on each continent also includes drawing on the cultural traditions, and incorporating materials, unique to each region. Finally, the Leonardo Bridge Project represents a historical connection between atomic number 63 and the Middle East, between Christianity and Islam. The Italian Renaissance was insp ired by the scholarship of the Ottoman Empire. Leonardo, in turn, was fascinated by the Middle East. This aspect seems particularly relevant since the events of September 11, 2001, as the Leonardo Project expands into the global goodwill project Vebjrn Sand envisioned. The Norwegian Leonardo Bridge was constructed and opened to foot and wheel around traffic on October 31, 2001. Da Vincis vision resurrected, 500 years after the drawing was made. Vebjrn Sand is currently considering several sites in the United States for the coterminous Leonardo Bridge Project.

Eulogy for Grandfather :: Eulogies Eulogy

plaudit for GrandfatherMy grandfather taught us so much. When my sister and I were little, he taught us how to paint with oils on fluid pieces of wood, instructing us on how to blend colors or make certain brush strokes, telling us that there are no straight lines in nature, to armed service us paint better trees. He taught us how to work with clay, too, and do us our own clay-working tools. He taught us how to roll pennies from the piggy coin bank hed take up either week. He taught us about the birds flying into the birdfeeder next to the family room window. He taught me about words, too, in one memorable vary advising me to physical exertion the words equine posterior rather than their more common alternative.But most of what my grandfather taught us he taught us indirectly, without speaking. Going to museums with him was oft a chore for me as a kid, because he would have to stop and read every plaque next to every painting or item, every so often calling us back to someth ing wed tired of already to explain what hed just learned-but mostly, just observing, drinking in everything he could see with secretiveness patience. He never went to college, but he taught me more about education-and the value of being a self-educator-than I could learn in any school.My grandfather made improbable things with lumps of clay and blocks of wood. It wasnt until much later that I realized how well-outfitted his workshop was, full of specialized tools hed taught my father how to be the same kind of hands-on man, and I estimation all Grandpas and Dads had special lathes, band saws, table saws, jig saws, buckets of nails, vast arrays of screwdrivers and dozens of varieties of sandpaper in their basements. One birthday, I remember, he made special. later wed undo our other toys, my sister and I were presented with identical disasteres with the Hallmark logo on them. They were presented with great ceremony, and we were confused but excited.We opened them at the same t ime. wrong my sisters box was a diorama of our dog Lady playing with a soccer ball out on the lawn. Her back paw was stomping tiny silk flowers into garden crap rendered in sawdust. Mine was a black horse leaping over a stone wall-perfect down to the textured wood that formed the rock.Eulogy for Grandfather Eulogies EulogyEulogy for GrandfatherMy grandfather taught us so much. When my sister and I were little, he taught us how to paint with oils on smooth pieces of wood, instructing us on how to blend colors or make certain brush strokes, telling us that there are no straight lines in nature, to help us paint better trees. He taught us how to work with clay, too, and made us our own clay-working tools. He taught us how to roll pennies from the piggy bank hed fill up every week. He taught us about the birds flying into the birdfeeder next to the family room window. He taught me about words, too, in one memorable exchange advising me to use the words equine posterior rather than their more common alternative.But most of what my grandfather taught us he taught us indirectly, without speaking. Going to museums with him was often a chore for me as a kid, because he would have to stop and read every plaque next to every painting or item, every so often calling us back to something wed tired of already to explain what hed just learned-but mostly, just observing, drinking in everything he could see with quiet patience. He never went to college, but he taught me more about education-and the value of being a self-educator-than I could learn in any school.My grandfather made miraculous things with lumps of clay and blocks of wood. It wasnt until much later that I realized how well-outfitted his workshop was, full of specialized tools hed taught my father how to be the same kind of hands-on man, and I thought all Grandpas and Dads had special lathes, band saws, table saws, jig saws, buckets of nails, vast arrays of screwdrivers and dozens of varieties of sandpaper in their basements. One birthday, I remember, he made special. After wed unwrapped our other toys, my sister and I were presented with identical boxes with the Hallmark logo on them. They were presented with great ceremony, and we were confused but excited.We opened them at the same time. Inside my sisters box was a diorama of our dog Lady playing with a soccer ball out on the lawn. Her back paw was stomping tiny silk flowers into garden dirt rendered in sawdust. Mine was a black horse leaping over a stone wall-perfect down to the textured wood that formed the rock.

Emersons Self Reliance vs. Douglass Narrative of the Life Essay

After reading both Self Reliance, by Ralph Waldo Emerson and The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, by Frederick Douglass, one powerfulness notice a trend in what both writers regard as the key to happiness or self-fulfillment. Emerson and Douglass both imply that acquiring knowledge is what wad should strive for throughout their survives. However, their perceptions on the kind of knowledge should be attained is where their ideas diverge Emerson is the one that encourages one to develop the soul whereas with Douglass, it is the mind. One of the primary issues that Emerson assay to bring in was that one must follow what they believe is true for themselves and not listen to what other people think. He states, It is easy in the world to live after the worlds opinion it is easy in solitude to live after our own but the bulky man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps perfect sweetness the independence of solitude(Emerson 151). One of the definitions of the word world is human society. The word opinion means a take care, judgment, or judgement formed in the mind about a particular matter. By putting these words together, Emerson is implying that the worlds opinion is the general point of view accepted by most of society. Emerson also uses the word, solitude which means, the quality or state of being alone or remote from society. By also apply the word solitude in this sentence, he shows a contrast between the majority (society), and the individual. What Emerson suggests is that if one can live in a world wide-eyed of people who think a certain way because they were taught to believe that way, but still hold your own ground and follow what you believe, you are a great person. Douglass also believes in following what is true for oneself despite what people around him think. This is evident when he says, But I should be false to the earliest sentiments of my soul, if I suppressed the opinion. I prefer to be true to myself, eve n at the hazard of incurring the ridicule of others, rather than to be false, and incur my own iniquity (Douglass 75). The word true means being that which is the case rather than what is manifest or assumed, and the word false means inconsistent with the facts. Douglass uses both of these words to convey the fact that he would rather believe his own thoughts and suffer the wrat... ... and unhappy (Douglass 78). Learning how to read was as big a step towards freedom for Douglass as it was back. It made him aware of the circumstances but it also made him realize how difficult it would be for him to ever find himself a free man. However, knowledge overpowers ignorance in the sense that his masters could never take his ability to read away from him and because Douglass now knew his condition, he knew that he deserved a better life.Both Emerson and Douglass had a huge impact on those who read their work. Their messages were both similar and different in their own ways. Emerson pushed the idea of unification with God through the soul art object Douglass stood behind the development of the mind with the ability to read. However, both Emerson and Douglass were for non-conformity and individualism. They were very much concerned with the growth of the individual, whether it be in mind or through the soul. whole shebang CitedDouglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. New York Penguin Group, 1982.Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Selections from Ralph Waldo Emerson. USA Riverside Editions, 1957.

Patriot :: essays research papers

THE PATRIOTFADE INEXT. THE SWAMPS OF SOUTH CAROLINA - NIGHTDark. Ominous. Kudzu hangs from the swamps maples. Adark and forbidding place. A shucks CRIES EERILY in thedarkness. Insects HUM ominously.SUPERIMPOSITIONFrench AND INDIAN WARA detachment of French soldiers with several wagons makesits way along a muddy street cut through the swamp. Thesoldiers are wary, scanning the underbrush, weapons ready.In the swamp, parallel to the road, SHADOWED FIGURES,hidden among the brush, silently track the Frenchsoldiers.As the lead wagon rolls oer a muddy puddle, straddlingit, a MUD-COVERED FIGURE, reaches up, grabs the wagonsundercarriage, pulls itself up and clings, unseen to theunderside of the wagon. The figure, obscured by the mud,barely looks human.As the other wagons roll everywhere other muddy depressions inthe road, three more mud-covered figures reach up, graband cling to the underside of other wagons.FORT CHARLESThe gates are opened. The relieved French soldiersquicken their pace and induce into the relative safety ofthe fort. In the fort yard the weary detachmentdisperses.UNDER THE LEAD WAGONThe first dark, mud-covered figure silently drops to theground and draws a distinctive cut from his belt asthe other figures drop from the other wagons.The figures crawl through the shadows toward the sentrieswho are closing the main gates. THEY SPRING... the leadfigure dashes forward, raises his TOMAHAWK and HACKS DOWNat a TERRIFIED FRENCH SENTRY...The other muddy figures join the attack... stifling thescreams of the French soldiers with VICIOUS KNIFESLASHES... gaining precious seconds...A FRENCH SOLDIER CRIES OUT... sounding the alarm... otherFRENCH SOLDIERS come running out of the darkness...The four muddy figures, make a stand at the gate, brutally violent death the French soldiers as they come, holding thegates open as...Dozens of other muddy figures race out of the surroundingswamp, tearing through the fort gates, connective theslaughter...The lead figure, HAC KS, again and again with histomahawk...Blood and flesh cover his arm as the vicious blade risesand falls amid the SCREAMS in the darkness...DISSOLVE TOEXT. SOUTH CAROLINA COUNTRYSIDE - twenty-four hoursBeautiful sunlight. AERIAL SHOT of a post rider gallopingalong a road through peaceful untamed woodlands. Soaringold-growth elms arch over riverside maples along theshores of the gently curving, deep-water Santee River.SUPERIMPOSITIONSOUTH CAROLINAApril, 1776The post rider rides along a raised swamp road. On eitherside of the road, gorgeous shafts of sunlight pierce thecanopy falling onto soft, swaying ferns that cover thehigh grounds. Hundreds of BIRDS SING. The water isclear, with fields of floating lily pads, each with astark white flower ascending from it.EXT. FRESH WATER PLANTATION - DAY

Patriot :: essays research papers

THE PATRIOTFADE INEXT. THE SWAMPS OF SOUTH CAROLINA - NIGHTDark. Ominous. Kudzu hangs from the douses maples. Adark and forbidding place. A bird CRIES EERILY in thedarkness. Insects HUM ominously.SUPERIMPOSITIONFRENCH AND INDIAN WARA detachment of French soldiers with several wagons makesits counsel along a muddy road cut through the swamp. Thesoldiers are wary, scanning the underbrush, weapons ready.In the swamp, parallel to the road, SHADOWED FIGURES,hidden among the brush, silently track the Frenchsoldiers.As the lead wagon avers over a muddy puddle, straddlingit, a MUD-COVERED FIGURE, reaches up, grabs the wagonsundercarriage, pulls itself up and clings, unseen to theunderside of the wagon. The figure, obscured by the mud,barely looks human.As the other wagons roll over other muddy depressions inthe road, three more mud-covered figures reach up, graband cling to the underside of other wagons.FORT CHARLESThe gates are opened. The jutting French soldiersquicken their pace and hurry into the relative safety ofthe fort. In the fort yard the weary detachmentdisperses.UNDER THE LEAD WAGONThe outset dark, mud-covered figure silently drops to theground and draws a distinctive TOMAHAWK from his belt asthe other figures drop from the other wagons.The figures crawl through the shadows toward the sentrieswho are destruction the main gates. THEY SPRING... the leadfigure dashes forward, raises his TOMAHAWK and HACKS DOWNat a TERRIFIED FRENCH SENTRY...The other muddy figures join the attack... stifling thescreams of the French soldiers with fierce KNIFESLASHES... gaining precious seconds...A FRENCH SOLDIER CRIES OUT... sounding the alarm... otherFRENCH SOLDIERS come running out of the darkness...The four muddy figures, make a stand at the gate, brutallykilling the French soldiers as they come, holding thegates open as...Dozens of other muddy figures race out of the skirtswamp, tearing through the fort gates, joining theslaughter...The lead figure, HACKS, again an d again with histomahawk...Blood and flesh cover his arm as the vicious blade risesand go amid the SCREAMS in the darkness...DISSOLVE TOEXT. SOUTH CAROLINA COUNTRYSIDE - DAYBeautiful sunlight. AERIAL SHOT of a post rider gallopingalong a road through dovish untamed woodlands. Soaringold-growth elms arch over riverside maples along theshores of the gently curving, deep-water Santee River.SUPERIMPOSITIONSOUTH CAROLINAApril, 1776The post rider rides along a raised swamp road. On eitherside of the road, gorgeous shafts of sunlight pierce thecanopy falling onto soft, swaying ferns that cover thehigh grounds. Hundreds of BIRDS SING. The water isclear, with fields of floating lily pads, each with astark white flower rising from it.EXT. FRESH WATER PLANTATION - DAY

Function of E-Book Essay

Books atomic number 18 no doubt the main element in teaching and learning activities. As we all know printed allows have already been used for a very long time. However in this modern era, books in electronic forms (eBooks) are taking place. EBooks had already been introduced not only for adults but children too. Finally, eBooks are already evolving slowly to take place in teaching and learning. A powerful input for the production of a range of electronic instrument for education has been provided by the latest technology inventions.Numerous ideas and educational materials are invented and extensively published electronically to support the field of teaching and learning, however it is still unclear how far all of this is of use among the students and teachers when it comes to the virtual teaching and learning. Suggestions on how to improve the quality of the products and materials that are already available are still in great demand as the existing electronic books have not com pletely replaced the physical counterpart.The snap between utilitarian and usefulness is quite wide to prove the lack of effectiveness of the first generation of e-books, and the progress of e-books has been led majorly by technology kind of of the users demand. In the education field, E-books put forward be found in various type of media instrument like CD-Rom, the internet and in each portable reading materials. Variety types of element are implemented in e-books, for example fiction and non-fiction. A textbook is a source of development on a particular subject.An electronic textbook on the other hand is almost the same but it is more special as e-textbook is an e-book that has a discipline of educational material for teaching and learning process. E-textbooks are now officially kn sustain as educational source that have already published electronically to help in both teaching and learning methods. They are ready to be used within a computer environment, through media such (prenominal) as internet or CD-ROM. In the early 1990s, the spread of educational multimedia was surprisingly very fast and it was proven by the people that it is more beneficial when converting printed publication into electronic form.Apart from that, it has been discussed that e-book is basically implemented to improve the process of haveing outside the associateroom, and as time goes by, a technological instrument was devote where a powerful incentive is created to invent such electronic material for the students. It is better for the people to be updated to any information to learn by utilise e-book as printed books are always out-of-date and are only replaced with an average of eight years. Limitless and faster access to any latest news and information can be experienced via electronic learning (Hamilton et al., 2001).It was said that electronic education will benefit a lot of people because of its capability to levy the co-operation and among the students and the teacher s (Hambrecht, 2000). Apart from that, higher success rate can be seen. However more effort should be contributed towards promoting e-book among the new generations as financial support plays an in-chief(postnominal) role in this matte (Wilson, 2003). Similar to the ordinary printed books, e-book helps the readers to understand and focus on important messages by underlining them and writing simple notes.In addition, e-books are user-friendly too as it is installed with portable dictionary program which made it easier to tone of voice up for unfamiliar words. E-book has definitely made the teaching and learning process to be more interesting than ever because the user get to watch clips and interact with a variety of specialities. It has been proven that the youngsters can gain a lot from the added applications (Maynard and McKnight, 2001). At schools, e-textbooks on the other hand will reduce the number of printed textbooks that not only burden both the teachers and students carry ing them to-and-fro around the school compound.This enables the teacher to easily experience the notes including the exercises to be given to the student which thus increases the effectiveness of teaching. With the presence if the electronic book, space can be saved which particularly helps a lot in places mainly the libraries. Decades ago, e-books were not preferred because the prices were too high. In the year 2000, the production of e-books have became larger and the cost of each e-book is lowered (Mayfield, 2000). This indicates that a major purpose in promoting the usage of e-textbooks in school had been done.Another form of e-book, CD-ROM also known as the copy of the encyclopedia is also famous among the students nowadays. They can easily get copies of the syllabus of their subjects in order for them to study back at home and easily bring the topics for discussion among their peers. Another branch of e-book, Hypertextbooks is a famous instrument of interactive studying on t he internet in the western country. This electronic file containing the learning materials enables the user to study at their own rhythm and the students will shoot down their assignment to the respective person through email.This concludes that with the upgrading of the process of studying, the students will no longer have the reason not to send their assignments on time. Top of the information, at schools teachers will have no problem to control the class because the students will be more focused and enthusiastic to carry on with their assignments compared to the printed pages. Even though e-textbooks can contribute towards the improvement in assisting the process of teaching and learning, there are still factors that resist their acceptance such as the insufficient number of computers and labs and the low number of publishers.This signifies that e-book can help in the education field but the chance to make it a earthly concern might prove problematic. According to Hambrechts th eory, it is believed that e-education is potential in bringing the students and teachers to come together as one in order to enhance the class sessions activities (Hambrecht, 2000). The research about CD-ROM clarified that users will be more interested to learn and use their resources. The children especially, find that learning is more fun with the presence of beautiful graphics and sound effects.This thus motivates them to continue to learn more which in return will boost their thinking skills. Teachers on the other hand love this way of teaching as it is both entertaining and educational. The e-book users prefer to use this modern way of learning because of the more respectable format which brings a brand new perspective towards the people to experience a more lively way of reading especially the story book lovers. Children once exposed to the usage of e-book they will be used to electronic devices and in future, they will no longer rely on the old traditional method which is th e printed book.Electronic texts are no doubt a passage for the generation to get an easy access in education for further study and analysis. The fertile ground for the improvement of teaching and learning, e-book, can benefit the generations greatly in terms of the enjoyment of interesting studying method. As a conclusion, the educators should look into this matter more clearly and make an effort to add electronic texts in their teachings if they havent start doing so. Cooperation among the parents and the educators are the key to success to make a change to the younger generations.This foundation will for sure end the upcoming obstacle in generating intellectual students. Reference Hambrecht, W. (2000), Exploring a New Frontier, integrated E-Learning. Hamilton, R. , Richards, C. and Sharp, C. (2001), An examination of e-learning and e-books, available at www. dcs. napier. ac. uk/ , mm/socbytes/jun2001/Jun2001_9. htm (accessed 20 November 2010) Mayfield, K. (2000), Read a g ood e- textbook lately? , Wired News, available at www. wired. com/news/culture/0,1284,38059,00. hypertext mark-up language (accessed 12 November 2010). Maynard, S. and McKnight, C.(2001a), Childrens comprehension of electronic books an empirical study, The New Review of Childrens Literature and Librarianship, Vol. 7, pp. 29-53. Maynard, S. and McKnight, C. (2001b), Electronic books for children in UK public libraries, The Electronic Library, Vol. 19 No. 6, pp. 405-23. Sally Maynard, Emily Cheyne, (2005) Can electronic textbooks help children to learn? , Electronic Library, The, Vol. 23 Iss 1, pp. 103 115. November,25, 2010 http//www. emeraldinsight. com/journals. htm? articleid=1464898 Wilson, R. (2003), E-education in the UK, Journal of Digital Information, Vol. 3 No. 4.

Chapter 2-the Great Gatsby

Chapter 2 In chapter two of The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses many methods of narrative. In this essay I will analyse three Character, Setting and Voice each in detail. In the opening sentence of chapter 2, Fitzgerald uses imagery to create a setting of some like a limbo with never-ending roads and barren land. This theme continues throughout the first setting in the chapter. This is the v eachey of ashes-a baseless farm where ashes grow like wheat into ridges Fitzgerald uses the word ashes twice which re-inforces how dead and desolate the valley of ashes is.Secondly, Fitzgerald uses an oxymoron with the connotations of ash and wheat death and life. This is like a microcosm of the occurrence that many people (in the book) came to New York to achieve The American Dream and many failed. However, it could also represent Gatsby and how there are hints in the book that he came from vigor but has worked his way to the top. In chapter 2, Fitzgerald introduces a few new characte rs to the reader. The character that stood out most for me was myrtle. Myrtle is Toms mistress and is characterized as the complete opposite as Daisy.She is described with a thickish figure, sensuously and smouldering, whereas Daisy is slender, kind and loving. Further on in the scene, Myrtle changes her outfit quite often. Mrs Wilson had changed her fig out The word costume suggests that Myrtle is just playing a part in her own fairytale with Tom. It is ironic because the reader later learns that Tom has no interest in Myrtle apart from her being a distraction. Also, the quality of her plumees as we read deeper into the scene become more and more rich as the first dress is described as crepe-de-chine, the second is muslim and the final dress is chiffon.She changes her costume to give people the impression that she is wealthy because it is the life that she wants to live. Lastly, the use of Mrs Wilson instead of Myrtle infers that is more important than when she was with her husba nd and it also underlines the fact that she is married. Fitzgerald uses the change of structure in the narrative voice to portray the state of chip off. I have entirely been drunk twice in my life and the second was that afternoon We already know from chapter 1 that Nick is apologetic and likes to think he is honest. Therefore it is almost like he is apologising for what is about to come.This is most likely to be because alcohol was illegal then and he is obviously embarrassed by his state. Later on in the scene, the narrative voice then changes to a more drunken state for example, he rants and uses repetition of then. Later on, as the evening progresses Nick wipes off a spot of dried lather that had worried me all afternoon from Mr McKees cheek. If Nick was sober he would not have make this but obviously feels the need to due to the alcohol. Lastly, the whole scene is told in a strange order and it seems like he is looking back and piecing it all together.

Hispanic Voting Related Literature Essay

The coming of the 2008 US Presidential Elections has made studies on select behavior a fad in the pedant community. Everybody wants to know, especially the candidates, how America or segments of its population will ballot or the chances that a candidate will win based on some observations on elector turnout patterns. Unfortunately, and not many people know this, larning voting behavior is not as simple as looking at the voting statistics.As one scholar commented, voting is among the acts hardest to let off (Uhlaner, 1989, p. 390). For one, Samuel Eldersveld (1951), defined voting behavior to connote much than the examination of voting records, but besides includes analyses on individual psychological processes and their relation to the vote-decision, of group structures and functions and their relation to political action, as well as institutional patterns and their impact on elections (Eldersveld, 1951, p. 71). thence, studies on voting behavior have excessively become m ulti-disciplinary, and were never confined in the field of political science. Still, studying voting behavior holds so much promise as far as theory construction is concerned, because it is viewed to be an atomic number 18a where theory can be systematically and quantitatively measured and tested. Also, this area offers more valid and reliable statements of causal determinants and a wealth of hypotheses, as voting behavior can be studied with respect to several possible variables.(Eldersveld, 1951, pp. 72-73). In her focus on the role of groups, Carole Uhlaner hypothesizes that voters act as part of groups with shared interests (p. 390). Based on a utilitarian model of consumption benefit, she suggests that a group votes for a certain candidate because it would benefit from the policy positions of that candidate. From here, it is not difficult to presume that cultural groups vote for candidates coming from their own group because they are expected to wreak their interests.Though there has been a debate, in the case of Hispanic Elected Officials (HEOs), on whether Hispanic members of the US House of Representatives substantially represent the interests of their Hispanic constituents (Hero and Tolbert, 1995 and Kerr and Miller, 1997), it is serviceable to start with the assumption that groups, particularly ethnic groups, play an important role in determining voting behavior as identities and affiliations affect voters interpretations of the political world, preferences, and actions. (Uhlaner, 1989)Thus, a very interesting, yet under-studied (Antunes and Gaitz, 1975 Hero, 1990 Arvizu and Garcia, 1996), subject of inquiry on voting behavior would be the Hispanics in the United States. Scholars and politicians alike are interested in purpose out how Latinos vote because despite the increasing significance of the group, being the fastest growing minority group in the US (Tanneeru, 2007), there seems to be the absence of consistent or predictable patterns on Hispanic voting across areas and through time. It may stem from the fact that the Hispanic community is diverse and voting interests are not homogenous.A Cuban-American may vote for a Republican because of the partys long-standing policies toward Cuba, while a Hispanic in a bump into state may be affected by the stringent immigration policies. The culture of a state can also affect a Hispanic voters behavior Texas voters may be more conservative in contrast to more liberal Hispanic voters in California. A study on the impact of religion also revealed that first and third generations placed more importance on religion than the second generation Hispanics in the US (Tanneeru, 2007).Socio-economic factors such as social class, occupation, poverty indicators, among others are also seen as significant determinants of voter turnout (Arvizu and Garcia, 1996 Antunes and Gaitz, 1975). In her explanation of the Hispanic low voter turnout, Cassel even suggested that Hispanics vote less tha n Anglos during presidential elections because they t completion to be younger, less educated, poorer or less frequently contacted by a political party or candidate (Cassel, 2002, p. 397-398).In a comparison between the election of Federico Pena as Mayor of Denver, Colorado in 1983 and the bid of Victor Morales from Texas for US Senate in 1996 points to more variables that shaped the two campaigns. These include the size of the constituency, size and demographics of the Hispanic population, ability of the candidates to build coalitions of ethnic groups and sectors, personal qualifications or experience of the candidate, membership in polite organizations, political party support and campaign funds.This also tells us that the mere presence of a large Hispanic population in an electoral zone could not ascertain victory for a Hispanic candidate. In a study by Rodney Hero comparing Hispanic political behavior in two Colorado cities Denver and Pueblo with other California cities, it appears that the governmental structure plays a significant role in determining different levels of mobilization of Hispanics in the cities.Colorado cities, with their unreformed structure, particularly Denver which has a strong-mayor system, have obtained greater political influence than what can be observed among California cities. This study supports the observation in 1983 in Denver, Colorado wherein Pena was elected into office with the highest Hispanic voter turnout ever recorded in the city. It also proves that it is not always the case that Hispanics are politically acquiescent and politically inactive and/or ineffective.(Hero, 1990) The observed political apathy of Hispanics had been explained by several studies in different ways. A study on voting behavior in Texas from 1960-1970 asserts that discriminatory devices such as the poll tax, the requirement of annual registration, short registration periods, and length of time between the end of registration and general electi on had restricted qualified electorate in favor of white persons and those with greater education and income (Shinn, 1971).Such means of discrimination, including literacy tests and printing of ballots in English, had also been used by the Mexican-American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF), to extend the select Rights Act of 1965 to include large jurisdictions where large Mexican American populations live. present that Hispanics never really met the level of discrimination suffered by the b lacks, for whom the Voting Rights Act was originally intended, Linda Chavez points out that Hispanic votes had been aggressively courted by presidential candidates since 1960s and that hundreds of Mexican Americans had held office since the 1970s.She contends that in places where Hispanics make up a large segment of the constituency, several other factors, not the absence of safe seat for Hispanic representative, explain why no Hispanics hold office (Chavez, 1992). Complementing the i nitial observation of Chavez, George Antunes and Charels Gaitz found out in 1975 that in their interpretation of ethnic differences in the levels of participation among blacks, Mexican-Americans and whites, ethnic identification process among minority groups only partially account for the higher level of political participation of the discriminated groups.However, they stressed that compared to blacks, Mexican-Americans have lower participation range for nine of eleven indicators of political participation, including voting. This is basically because of the cultural norms of participation inculcated in black communities owing to their history of discrimination wherein they suffered more than the Mexican-Americans (Antunes and Gaitz, 1975). Political history is also one of the aspects that Carol Cassel examined in her explanation of low Hispanic political participation as evident in their low voter turnout, compared to the African-Americans.Seeing that Hispanics vote at the same rat e with other ethnic groups during presidential elections, Cassel suggests that low turnout in low visibility races can also be attributed to the Latinos lack of political networks or just because Latino political leaders prefer to mobilize voters in more competitive elections (Cassel, 2002). Mobilization efforts also figured as a very important determinant in the 1996 elections voting turnout in California, Florida and Texas (Shaw, dela Garza and Lee, 2000).Nevertheless, Harry Pachon and Louis De Sipio recognize that the structural changes such as the extension of the Voting Rights, combined with ethnic political mobilization in Latino communities and efforts of groups such as MALDEF, contributed to the increased electoral and political clout of the Hispanics. In their list of HEOs in the 1990s, they have found out that there were 4,004 Hispanics holding publicly-elected offices nationwide 1% of the national total nine states accounting for 96% of HEOs in the US and that Hispanics were represented at all levels of government, except for the Presidency.The only factors that could mitigate the increasing trend of HEOs in the following years would be young Hispanic population and non-citizenship. (Pachon and De Sipio, 1992). Thus far, the numerous and variegated variables and determinants presented above attest that it is not easy to explain Hispanic voting behavior. Thus it is best to start with a single region to test which of these or a combination of these variables could best explain Hispanic voting. (In this case, I have chosen to zero in on Houston, Texas, the fourth largest city in the United States.) Though in the process, I should be cautious against committing what Eldersveld warned with respect to generalizing from single cases. zero(prenominal)etheless, I believe that studies such as this could make a good case for comparing with similar political settings, and eventually, in explaining Hispanic political behavior.ReferencesAntunes, G. and Gait z, C. (1975) Ethnicity and Participation A Study of Mexican-Americans, Blacks and Whites. The American journal of Sociology, Vol. 80, No. 5, 1192-1211. Arvizu, J. and Garcia, C. (1996) Latino Voting Participation Explaining and Differentiating Latino Voting Turnout.Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 18, No. 2, 104-128. Cassel, C. (2002) Hispanic Turnout Estimates from Validated Voting Data. Political Research Quarterly, Vol. 55, No. 2, 391-408. Chavez, L. (1992) Hispanics, Affirmative Action and Voting. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 523, 75-87. Dela Garza, R. , Lee, J. and Shaw, D. (2000) Examining Latino Turnout in 1996 A Three-State, Validated Survey Approach. American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 44, No. 2, 338-346. Eldersveld, S. J. (1951) Theory and Method in Voting Behavior Research. The Journal of Politics, Vol. 13, No.1, 70-87. Hero, R. (1990) Hispanics in Urban Government and Politics Some Findings, Comparisons and Imp lications. The Hesperian Political Quarterly, Vol. 43, No. 2, 403-414. Hero, R. and Tolbert, C. (1995) Latinos and Substantive Representation in the US House of Representatives Direct, Indirect or Nonexistent? American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 39, No. 3, 640-652. Kerr, B. and Miller, W. (1997) Latino Representation, Its Direct and Indirect. American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 41, No. 3, 1066-1071. Pachon, H. and De Sipio, L. (1992) Latino Elected Officials in the 1990s. PS Political Science and Politics, Vol.25, No. 2, 212-217. Shinn, A. (1971) A score on Voter Registration and Turnout in Texas, 1960-1970. The Journal of Politics, Vol. 33, No. 4, 1120-1129. Southwestern Social Science Association. (1997, March 27) The Victor Morales for US Senate Campaign Did the dormancy Giant Notice an Unusual Campaign? Tanneeru, M. (2007, September 28). Inside the Hispanic Vote Growing in Numbers, Growing in Diversity. Retrieved from http//www. cnn. com/2007/US/09/28/hispanic . vote/index. html Uhlaner, C. J. (1989) Rational Turnout The Neglected Role of Groups. American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 33, No. 2, 390-422.

Marketing & Advertising Essay

Agriculture, also called farming or husbandry, is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi, and another(prenominal) life forms for food, fiber, biofuel and other products used to sustain life.1 Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticatedspecies created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization. The study of agriculture is cognize as agricultural science. Agriculture mostly speaking refers to human activities, although it is also observed in certain species of ant and termite.23 The word agriculture is the English adaption of Latin agricultra, from ager, a field,4 and cultra, cultivation in the strict sense of agriculture of the soil.5 Thus, a literal reading of the word yields tillage of fields.In finance, a bond is an instrument of indebtedness of the bond issuer to the holders. It is a debt security, under which the issuer owes the holders a debt and, depending on the terms of the bond, is obliged to pay them following (the coupon) and/or to repay the principal at a later date, termed the maturity.1Interest is usually payable at fixed intervals (semiannual, annual, more or lesstimes monthly). Very much the bond is negotiable, i.e. the self-will of the instrument can be transferred in the secondary market.2Capitalism is an sparing organization that is found on the private ownership of capital goods, or the inwardness of production, and the creation of goods and services for profit.12 3 Elements central to Capitalism include capital accumulation, competitive markets, and a price system.4Commerce is the whole system of an economy that constitutes an environment for business. The system includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural, and technological systems that ar in operation in any outlandish. Thus, commerce is a system or an environment that affects the business prospects of an economy or a nation-state.It can also be defined as a component of busine ss which includes all activities, functions and institutions involved in transferring goods from producers to consumer.Competition in biology, ecology, and sociology, is a compete between organisms, animals, individuals, groups, etc., for territory, a niche, or a location of resources, for resources and goods, for prestige, recognition, awards, mates, or group or social status, for leadership it is the opposite of cooperation.12 It arises whenever at least two parties r each(prenominal) for a goal which cannot be shared or which is desired individually but not in sharing and cooperation. Competition occurs naturally between upkeep organisms which co-exist in the sameenvironment.3For example, animals compete over water supplies, food, mates, and other biological resources. Humans compete usually for food and mates, though when these needs are met deep rivalries often arise over the pursuit of wealth, prestige, and fame. Competition is also a major tenet in market economy and busine ss is often associated with rivalry as closely companies are in competition with at least one other firm over the same group of customers, and also competition inner(a) a company is usually stimulated for meeting and reaching higher quality of services or products that the company produce or develop. A competition or trade promotion lottery, is also the equivalent of sweepstakes in some countries.consumerAn individual who buys products or services for personal use and not for manufacture or resale. A consumer is someone who can make the decision whether or not to purchase an item at the store, and someone who can be influenced by marketing and advertisements. Any time someone goes to a store and purchases a toy, shirt, beverage, or anything else, they are making that decision as a consumer.Credit (from Latin religious doctrine transl. I believe ) is the trust which allows one party to yield resources to another party where that second party does not reimburse the first party right away (thereby generating a debt), but instead arranges either to repay or return those resources (or other materials of equal value) at a later date. The resources provided may be fiscal (e.g. granting a loan), or they may consist of goods or services (e.g. consumer credit). Credit encompasses any form of deferred payment.1 Credit is extended by a creditor, also know as a lender, to a debtor, also known as a borrower.A currency (from Middle English curraunt, meaning in circulation) in the most specific use of the word refers to money in any form when in actual use or circulation, as a medium of exchange, specially circulating paper money. This use is synonymous with banknotes, or (sometimes) with banknotes plus coins, meaning the physical tokens used for money by a government.12deposit1. Funds located into an account at a depository institution to increase the credit balance of the account. 2. Down payment given in advance to support the goal to complete a commercial transa ction.Depression is not caused by a virus like a cold or the mumps. There is no parenthood test that declares the presence of depression. There are many theories on the causation of depression but unfortunately none have been conclusively validated.distributionIn marketing, distribution is the process of moving a product from its manufacturing source to its customers. In computer software, distribution is the phase that follows packaging. The package will be on some distribution medium, such as compact disc, or may be simply located on a server where customers can download it electronically.dividendA taxable payment declared by a companys board of directors and given to its shareholders appear of the companys current or well-kept earnings, usually quarterly. Dividends are usually given as cash (cash dividend), but they can also take the form of stock (stock dividend) or other property. Dividends provide an incentive to own stock in stable companies even if they are not experiencin g much growth. Companies are not required to pay dividends. The companies that offer dividends are most often companies that have progressed beyond the growth phase, and no longer benefit sufficiently by reinvesting their profits, so they usually choose to pay them out to their shareholders. also called payout.Economics is the social science that analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term economics comes from theAncient Greek (oikonomia, management of a household, administration) from (oikos, house) + (nomos, custom or virtue), hence rules of the house(hold).1 Political economy was the earlier name for the subject, but economists in the late 19th century suggested economics as a shorter term for economic science that also avoided a narrow political-interest connotation and as similar in form to mathematics, ethics, and so forthThis term export is derived from the conceptual meaning as to ship the goods and services out of the port of a country. The seller of such goods and services is referred to as an exporter who is based in the country of export whereas the overseas based buyer is referred to as an importeeer. In International Trade, exports refers to selling goods and services produced in the home country to other marketsThe term import is derived from the conceptual meaning as the goods and services into the port of a country. The buyer of such goods and services is referred to an importer who is based in the country of import where the overseas based seller is referred to as an exporter. 1 Thus an import is any good(e.g. a commodity) or service brought in from one country to another country in a legitimate fashion, typically for use in trade. It is a good that is brought in from another country for sale.2 Imported goods or services are provided to domestic consumers by foreign producers. An import in the receiving country is an export to the sending countryIncome is the consumption and savings opportunity gained by an entity within a specified timeframe, that is generally expressed in monetary terms 1 However, for households and individuals, income is the sum of all the wages, salaries, profits, interests payments, rents and other forms of earnings received in a given period of time.In economics, lump is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time.1 When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services. Consequently, inflation also reflects an erosion in the purchasing power of money a loss of real value in the internal medium of exchange and unit of account within the economy.23 A chief measure of price inflation is the inflation rate, the annualized percentage change in a general price index (normally the Consumer Price Index) over timeInterdependence is a relationship in which each member is mutually leechlike on the others. This concept differs from a dependence relationship, where some membe rs are dependent and some are not.Macroeconomics (from the Greek prefix makro- meaning large and economics) is a ramification of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole, rather than individual markets. This includes national, regional, and global economies.12 Withmicroeconomics, macroeconomics is one of the two most general fields in economics.

Psle

Should PSLE be scrapped off? What is PSLE? The Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE) is basically an testing taken by Primary 6 students before they go onto their Secondary School education. As different Secondary Schools have different cut-off points based on the previous intake, schools with higher cut-off points are usually regarded as the better ones. Naturally, parents would prefer their child to derive into a better school, as they believe that these schools will qualifying their children a better education.Other than PSLE, there is also other miens a student can get into their desired Secondary School such as the Direct School Admission (DSA). Students who are able to choose the DSA approach are usually more sports or art inclined. The Ongoing Debate Recently, more Singaporeans have considered PSLE as the do or die examination. The reason is because parents are feeling too much pressure on account of the PSLE. Many parents urgency their children to get into brand nam e schools, causing them to feel examineed and worried. People take secondary school admission so very seriously. If I dont get into that school, then my kid has no chance in life, said Prime Minister Mr Lee Hsien Loong. Mr Lee also mentioned that every school is a substantially school so that they can get the pressure off the parents. However, not every parent in Singapore is pressurized by the fact that his or her children whitethorn not be able to get into a good Secondary School. Housewife Sandy Lee, 40, said she enrolled her son Zong Wei in Townsville Primary as she snarl that the principal and teachers cared for the pupils. She is also not too worried about her sons PSLE results.She said I dont need to pressure him too much, as long as he can get into a secondary school. And with this in mind, there is an ongoing debate on whether the PSLE should be abolished as it is causing too much stress on Singaporean students and parents as well. One of the The Straits Times current affairs website readers asked if Singapore could reduce the reliance on exams, and even do away with the PSLE. This emerged among the elevation 10 most pressing questions that people wanted the Prime Minister to answer, according to a week-long poll on the website that drew over 21,000 votes.The stress that comes with PSLE is something that ineluctably to be looked at, but scrapping the exam or tweaking the assessment criteria may not be the solution, said Senior Minister of State Lawrence Wong. My Personal Experience Ive taken PSLE in the year 2007 and I have to admit that PSLE was pretty stressful for me. Every day after school, I had to go for supplementary lessons conducted by teachers till 5 to 6pm every day and then head home for dinner before revising again. During the weekends, I had to attend tuition and there was no playtime for me.I did that continuously for 4 to 5 months before PSLE. My parents have always supported me throughout that period of time and were always che ering me on. They have never given me any stress. Instead, they asked me to set a goal for myself and to ask myself, What do I want in life? After knowing what I want in life, everything matte up like it was worth it and after PSLE ended I had 2 months of holiday notwithstanding purely relaxing and enjoying myself as I felt like I gave my best and had no regrets.So, should PSLE be scrapped off? My personal opinion In my opinion, I think that PSLE is a very good way of gauging a students learning pace. A school with a lower cut-off point doesnt mean that it is a bad school its just a school for students with a slower learning pace. The main problem with PSLE is the stress that its causing for students and I believe that it is because many students are just like the me I was back then, learning what it feels like to be stressed for the first time.In life, everything has its first time and if a student is not able to cut through with the stress from PSLE, he or she will never be ab le to deal with the stress in Secondary School. Hence, I strongly believe that PSLE should not be scrapped off. Conclusion Let the students taking PSLE work towards a goal set by themselves and not their parents. This way, students will drive themselves towards it. And after all of it, itll be worthwhile. Reference Chia, S & Toh, K. (2012, September 22).Scrapping PSLE Not The Solution Lawrence Wong. Ministry of Education, Singapore Education in the News. Retrieved on November 18, 2012 from http//www. moe. gov. sg/media/news/2012/09/scrapping-psle-not-the-solutio. php Au Yong, J. (2012, 27 September). PSLE stays but of necessity relook PM. The Straits Times. Retrieved November 18, 2012 from Factiva Database. Goh, C. L. (2012, 17 November). PSLE not the be-all and end-all PM. The Straits Times. Retrieved November 18, 2012, from Factiva Database.

The casino industry in Australia

The cassino industry in Australia operates under an environment of uncertainty. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics Australias 13 casinos recorded a total operating loss of $288 million in 97-98. Outsiders predict a gloomy future for the casino industry in the near few years imputable to the reduction in international towering rollers and the low level of management talent in Australias young casino industry. In this business environment tip must implement business strategies will carry it into the next century as one of the worlds most victorious casino complexes.The Crown was set up as a multimillion-dollar establishment in order to attract international gamblers especially the Asiatic junket gamblers. that with the economic meltdown of countries such as Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia Asiatic gamblers are fewer and have less money to gamble. The present focus of Crown casino towards the Asian market is fruitless as its competing in a highly saturated interna tional market. International casinos have a much better operational cogency compared to Crown due to the high levels of tax and intense monitoring experienced by Australian casinos. Nevertheless this excessive regulation reduces the perception of corruption which do-nothing be used to market Crown as a reputable operator in the world stage.Its current strategy of focusing on the Asian market is an inefficient management of resources. Crown should focus on the growing local market, which would stabilise the balancesheet, as the focus should be on maintaining a high flashiness of local gamblers as opposed to a small number of high rollers. The current volatile earning figures for Crown are caused due its reliance on Asian junket gamblers. In the current business environment buyer power is high as Crown focuses on few high volume gamblers this should be reduced, as it should concentrate on a higher poem of smaller gamblers.The recent increases in the gambling to HDI ratio as a roo t of better domestic economic conditions should be exploited by Crown. In order to broaden its local market advertising campaigns to lure the suburban poker game machine players towards the city and away from RSL clubs and bars should be under lay downn. The recent acquisition of Crown by the media giant PBL should ensure that Crown promotions reach a wider sense of hearing through the magazine/television business with little cost.The main issue for Crown in the future is to maintain a consistent rate of maneuver over in slot machines and tables. This should be achieved not only through advertising moreover by go patrons the latest technologies and gaming programs. Once the parton numbers are increased loyalty schemes targeting the lower end of the gaming market should be under taken to maintain the flow of customers. Crown should better take advantage of it regional monopoly and reputation for offering world of entertainment by hiring top rating international performers. This would not only boost revenue to the Crown entertainment complex but to the casino as well.Online gambling is luring more and more customers away from physical casinos. This new frontier of gaming is thriving due to its ease of access to customers and many online operators are benefiting from the lack of regulatory and tax burdens. This industry is expected to grow from $US5 billion to $US25.4 billion by next year. In Crown s strategic outlook it should attempt to tap into this booming market. Crown would be able to use its globally recognised name and wreak credibility to this undisciplined market.With the cooperation of PBL namely ECORP its Internet Company Crown would be able to offer unrivalled Internet gambling services which are correct by the Australian government. At present US based enterprises are unable to provide Internet gaming which would provide Crown with an opportune clip to enter into this market and gain a foothold. (an operational efficiency.)The capacity exist s for Crown to from strategic alliances with other off shore gambling facilities overseas in the fancy of attracting more international gamblers. Such a venture could offer joint accommodation deals more lucrative jackpots and discounts to valued customers in reciprocal venues. This should compensate for Melbournes low level of International touristry. In addition relationships should be built up between Crown and the Victorian Tourism board to induce tourism into Melbourne.Michel Porter suggested that the essence of strategy is choosing to perform activities differently than rivals do in the current competitive environment Crown is able to do this by offering a complete package of entertainment and gaming which is unparalleled in Australia.

How the Prologue in Romeo and Juliet Prepares the Audience for the Play Essay

The prologue to Shakespe ars Romeo and Juliet prepargons the audience by making a short summary of the play so it gets the audience thinking near what the story is about.The prologue is a sonnet which is a 14 line poem, it is likewise known as an english, elizabethan sonnet which contains 3 quatrains and a rhyming couplet. A sonnet is normally a bask poem and that is exactly what Romeo and Juliet is about. The first quatrain of the sonnet is about the feud and conflict between the dickens families. Both of the families have the same position both alike in dignity but they seem to be holding a grudge against each other, we arent told what causes the hate within the two houses but it is there and drags the households into fights this is particulaly shown in line 4 where civil blood make civil hands unclean the word blood is meaning that wipeout and injuries occur due to the feud the families have. Civil is meant to mean poliet or fair which is a bit ironic since there isnt any p oliteness.The secondment quatrain is about the lovers, Romeo and Juliet, and their goals. From forth the fatal loins of these two foes this line is saying that the two household enemies have produced a pair of lovers, this is mainly emphasised in the enounce fatal loins this implies that these being in love is deadly and they are also involved with the feud of their parents. It also means that their fate has been decided and that death forget be their destiny. The second line A pair of star crossd lovers take their life this is implying that the stars which is meaning their destinies, since they believed that stars told their destiny like horoscopes, so being star crossd lovers means that their destinies are entwined but they are also against each other due to the feud. The last line of the second quatrain doth with their death bury their parents strife this shows that in order to end the feud the deaths of Romeo and Juliet seem to take affect on their parents.The next quatrain is about both love and hate. The first line The fearful passage of their death-marked love this means that all the events that they go through will lead them them to their destinies of death. The second line says that their parents anger is something that isnt easy to take away but in the next line which but their childrens end, nought could remove this means that the only thing they fuckt stop is their childrens death and it was caused by their hatred to one another. The last line is now the two hours traffic of our stage this implies that the events that they have mentioned will now take place on the stage by the actors.The rhyming couplet is the last to lines of the sonnet. The which, if you with patient ears attend, what here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend. These two lines are now directed to the audience and that now they are going to show them the play if they are willing to stay. The phrase patient ears attend show that because they are on a stage they dont usual ly use scenery so you have to listen and use their imagination to help what is happening.In conclusion the prologue to Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet prepare the audience for the play by mentioning the key facts to the play so they know what to expect when that particular event is being performed also it helps to explain the parts of the play which seem to be a mystery like the parents hatred, the audience would not know that the two families are meant to be manduction the same status just that there are two groups who dont like each other. It also prepares the audience like a warning saying that death will occur in the play as well as love and hatred.

Marco Polo The Travels – The Silk Road

This is the story of a great young adventurous traveler. At the young age of 21, he embarked upon and successfully completed, the tasks seemed practic exclusivelyy impossible to achieve in the era to which he belonged. He was not much educated in the academic sense, but till date he continues to be the research subject for the aspiring touch onates. He studied everything in the college of self-education, where his mind was his Principal. His initiative, his Professors His hard twist his tutors A man who would decide A man who would act A man who would start and a man who would finish God moulds souls like Marco Polo but rare, perhaps for the specific purpose of inspiring the young generationThe Great caravan inn must hold back wedded him the brief, mostly from political angle, but the self-starter Marco Polo, brought along with him the comprehensive information and details that staggers the most fertile imagination. Marco Polo is a trader-author not an author-trader. The latent compose ability in him of which perhaps he was not consciously aware, enthr completelyed those who read his work. Volumes have been written and discussed about his travelogues. If Marco Polo were to appear for a test on criticism/appreciation about his writings, the syllabus would be so vast, Marco Polo would not be able to cover it in his life-time. The critics have seen so much in his writings, do threadbare analysis, which the original author would have never imagined.Another reason for the popularity of the bind wasthe details highlighted in it were revealed to the outside world for the firstly time. They were so mysterious that the readers were enthralled by the descriptions. Many refused to believe his accounts. When Marco Polo pose on his deathbed, his priest, his friends and relations clustered around him to plead that he at last renounce the boundless lies he had recounted as his true adventures, so his soul would be cleansed to Heaven. The old man rose up, brusquel y damned them all and declared, I have not told the half of what I saw and did Remember, the people who were attempting to bumble him belonged to that generation which argued that the Earth was flat and the sun rotated around the Earth Marco Polo was much ahead of his quantifyI think Marco Polo provided the greatest fervor to the younger generation of not only Italy, but the stainless world, as for adventures and travels. He was the genius, who embodied the spirit of hard aspirations and their fulfillment, under most difficult conditions. His travel experiences have all-time signifi mintce, all over the world. I do believe that Marco Polo provided positive knowledge, information that was not know to the people. He was the first Westerners to travel through the Silk Road. (It is only puddled as a Silk Road, but in macrocosm there is nothing silken about it it is a rough, rugged, treacherous route.)He is hailed as matchless of the most weighty figures from Italy. His life span from 1254-1324, was quite eventful. He highlighted the differences between Europe and Asia. During the medieval propagation, religion had the greatest involve on the lives of Kings and his subjects. Marco Polo explains how secularism was practiced then. But concerning God and your own soul do what you will, whether you be Jew or pagan, Saracen or Christian, who live among Tartars.They freely confess in Tartarv that Christ is a ecclesiastic but they say that he is a proud lord, because he will not keep company with other gods but wants to be over all others in the world. So in some places, they have a Christ of gilded or silver and keep him ensconced within a shrine and say that he is the great lord of the Christians.(Polo, 1958, p.47).The concept of unity in diversity was clearly seen and appreciated by Marco Polo.Education and tradeTo Marco Polo, it must be admitted, traveling and interest in trade is the family heritage. In 1260, Niccolo Polo, the father of Marco Polo, and hi s brother Maffeo went across Black ocean in search of profitable ventures. They brought from Venice sizeable quantity of extraordinary jewels and set out from Constantinople by enthral to Sudak and onward to Barku. When Marc Polo was introduced to the Great Khan, he was just 21 years old. By then, he had possessed an glorious knowledge of the letters and customs of the Tartars.Khan took great fascination for this brilliant youth and soon he was the trust lieutenant of Khan with whom he took counsel on important issues. Marco Polo was then sent on a mission to Kara-jang (Yunnan) in the far south west, as an emissary. The mission was a great success. The trader- instincts surfaced en route, Marco Polo made the detailed scrutiny of all the curiosities and novelties. On return, the Great Khan was given a brief, about the issues and note for which he was sent. The curious customs of the people were highlighted. This young lad impressed Khan on all counts.The Silk Road isthe travel c hronicles about the arduous three years journey from Venice to the abode of the Great Khan initially through the ancient trade corridor and blow by blow account of his wonderful experiences found on facts related to the peoples of Iran, Iraq, India, Tibet, Pamir, Mongolia and China. Marco Polo made it a point to record every aspect of the life that he encountered they were so different, peculiar and interesting from region to region, country to country. Therefore, Marco Polo is regarded as a great anthropologist. In addition, the book contains many areas which Marco Polo covered during his epic travels as an emissary for the Great Khan, when he was in China for seventeen long years.I think Marco Polo had a great eye for the details, and nothing escaped his attention. The emporiums en route, the construction of yurt in Mangolia as residential quarters( comparable to the mass cheap housing colonies in the developing countries), fireworks, paper currency, depression and pasta, the tr eatment and honor provided for the dead, glass making, the introduction of ginger in various recipes, tea as a popular form drink, Marco Polos statement in Persia that he had chicken cooked in pomegranate juice, turmeric,(look at the style how he introduces turmeric here is alike a vegetable that has all the properties of true saffron, as well as the smell and the color, and yet it is not really saffron.).Marco Polo was responsible for transfer of scientific and technical innovations, such as gunpowder, ceramics, the magnetic compass, the printing press and mathematics, along the Silk Road to the West. I also smelling that Marco Polo won the trust of Kubilai (the sixth Khan in the Yuan dynasty) and retained it for 17 long years is one of his greatest achievements. He began his journey with an empty book and returned as an encyclopedia.To complete his mission, Marco Polo traveled by foot, on horse and boat. The Silk Road is not just an historical entity of the 13th century. In the modern times also, this route holds fascination for the travelers. As if to pay compliments and tributes to History, during the summer vacation, people in large be traverse along the original route from Shaanxi Province east to Gansu and then to Xinjiang. En route, one can see the traces and landmarks of the ancient glorythe religious art painted in caves by art-loving travelers.The ancient pagodas put forward tall and majestic side by side with the new artistically and classically designed buildings. traveling on this Silk Road is to study the pages of an historical book. Actual travel and experiencing is more than to study a 12 books on the subject. Columbus treasured Marco Polos book as a reference guide for his adventures, not without reasons. Marco Polo provided some amazing and accurate details relating to trade routes. He did his job of amassing details and making notes with the intensity of a modern MBA research scholar. He was alone on his travel and other efforts, but he never hesitated to collaborate with the local populace and authorities regularly. Marco Polo had rare insight for minutest of the details regarding a ill-tempered product or activity.Marco Polo-the legend of a nameThe name Marco Polo has assumed legendary significance. That was not a jet -set age where one can travel end to end of the world within a matter of days. Grit and courage were the domineering traits. That a 21 year young lad achieved the loose trust and became the emissary of the Great Khan is an inspiration to the modern youth. He was successful in all his political, trade and cultural assignments. His name has become a legendary trademark Marco Polos name was given to a childrens game, in a story in the science fiction series of Doctor Who. A ship with three masts clipper built in Saint John, New Brunswick, in 1851 was named Marco Polo.Marco Polo was the first ship to sail around the world in under six months. Many ships of the Italian name were named Marco Polo. T he International Airport in Venice is named Marco Polo. In Hong Kong also at least there are 3 Marco Polo Hotels. He is the source of inspiration to many novelists like Donn Byrnes Messer Marco Polo (Irish Writer), Gary Jenningss novel The Journeyer (1984). Marco Polo is one of the important characters in Italo Calvinos novel Invisible Cities.When he was 15 years old, John Goddard, who was also known as the real life Indiana Jones, and one of his expeditions, the most amazing adventure of this generation was to follow Marco Polos route through all of the Middle East, Asia and China. Marco Polo continues to be the perennial source of inspiration for adventure-seeking younger generation.References CitedPolo, Marco (Author), Latham Ronald (Author) Book The Travels of Marco Polo. Publisher Penguin Classics (September 30, 1958) ISBN-10 0140440577 ISBN-13 978-0140440577

Credibility and Logic in Gregory Curfman’s “Diet Pills Redux”

1. Gregory D. Curfmans persona Diet Pills Redux is an editorial therefore, a reader must keep in mind that the content will focus on the sources opinion(s) and perspective(s) about a particular situation. Having read Curfmans piece, it does seem credible. The author is a physician, so his analysis of the situation can be reasonably assumed within his field of expertise, especially when integrity considers it is an editorial published in The New England Journal of Medicine. Dr.Curfman presents evidence for and against the example of fenfluramine and phentermine and seems concerned only with provided exploration of a possible connection between the use of these drugs (separately or together) and heart disease (Curfman, 1997, passim).2. Curfman begins his piece with a summary of an outbreak of pulmonary hypertension that took place in Western Europe that was joined to the use of an appetite-suppressant drug. He goes on to reveal a European outbreak thirty years later(prenominal) which connected the use of an anorexigenic drug with more cases of pulmonary hypertension.Later, he discusses weighing the risks of using anorectic drugs against the individuals need, and concludes that only those with no other recourse should be allowed to take the chance. Each of these is an role model of logic without fallacy (Curfman, 1997, passim). There were fallacies in Curfmans piece. To begin with, the even sots and studies he cited were missing control groups and assurances that clamant factors such as patient history had been taken into account. Technically, these might be construed as misleading statistics.Because the verse of persons negatively effected by these drugs was so low, the potential that much of his fate is perhaps a non sequiturspecifically an argument built on a slippery slope does exist. His closing remark that succumbing to the allure of aliment pills as a quick fix for excess weight may be courting misadventure presents a significant logical prob lem the implication that those who suffered a cardiac crisis in connection with the use of one or more of the involved drugs fall into the quick fix categorythis is a precipitate generalization (Curfman, 1997, passim).The overall message in the piece was not that blame must be laid, nor was it a call to halt all availability of either drug, so coupled with this piece being an editorial, even fallacy did not necessarily weaken the strength of the article in my opinion as the point seemed merely to be to convince readers that there was more to be investigated. Based on what I read, I have to agree that further investigation is warranted and that consumers must be aware of the potential dangers listed by Curfman.

Global Warming effect on Hair care Industry Essay

It is the gradual increase of the temperature of the automated teller near the earths surface as a result of the increase of what we call glasshouse gases since the industrial revolution. Those gases atomic number 18, water vapor, Carbon Dioxide,Methane,Nitrous Oxides and Oz star and only(a) ( planetary change ). This pheno workforceon is considered a healthy natural procedure be dress, when the elucidate from the sun hit the earths surface reflects off this surface toward space ,but doesnt considerably pass through the parkhouse gases blanket of the earth.Some of the suns crystalize and hot up argon trapped keeping the planet at an average temperature suitable to life, which is about sixty degrees Fahrenheit(Global Warming ). As we said ,Global Warming as a natural process is not deleterious, but the ingathering in intentness,agriculture,transportation and technology revolution has produced additional quantities of greenhouse gases along with other unhealthful substanc es such as Chlorofluorocarbons or The CFCs (Global Warming ). That made earths atmosphere traps more heat and light than it is required, so earth is facing a dangerous future with scientists predictions of high temperature ages to be coming.Global warm up has a long term effects on our planet. Some of those results argon, Melting of polar ice with a resulting trick out in sea level and coastal flooding disruption of drinking water supplies gravid changes in agriculture referable to climate change extinction of species as ecological niches disappear and an increase of tropical diseases(Girardet 19). We may consider virtually international heating system effect as following nursery gases atomic number 18 accumulating in earths atmosphere as a result of piece activities, causation temperatures to organise. Global average temperatures warmed by about 1 F in the twentieth light speed and could increase by 2.5 F to 10. 5 F in this century(Speth 56). Human-induced heating and sea-level rise be expected to continue throughout this century and into the next(Speth 56). This heat is prepared by the cumulative effects of several(prenominal) greenhouse gases that withstand way built up steadily in the atmosphere, including carbon dioxide from fogy fuel flame and deforestation, methane from fossil fuels and agricultural activities, nitric oxide from agricultural activities and the chemical patience, and specialty chemicals including CFCs(Speth 56). Global warming could well have serious adverse societal and ecological impacts by the end of this century, and temperature and sea levels could to a fault continue to rise well into the next century even if societies stabilize the levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere(Speth 56) pig c be industry tools Every woman knows how you look is essential to how you feel (Make a date with your sensory h standard pressure 73) No. 1 women magazine Cosmopolitan started an article with that word. pigs-bread th dressing is essential to all women on this planet.What ever you men laugh or criticize, they leave until now go to coiffures and hair dresser all over the world. similarly men are not far from hair care. hands nowadays care a atomic reactor about how do they look resembling and hair look became essential for them too. More products are produced and invented all day to help those stylists to accomplish good looking hair cut and a soft ,long and tough hair texture for any woman. Every hair stylist, uses some essential products such as Shampoos They are used in dry wash and cleaning scalps and hair from dirt and moist.They re choke unwanted amounts of oils with substances called Surfactants that produces foam. The most notable surfactants are, Sodium Laureth Sulphate and Sodium lauryl sulphate,which are written on every shampoo bottle. They considered harmful (Burke) . Some kinds of natural oils are used in do shampoos. Anti-dandruf kind of shampoos are using substance s like Ketoconazole,Selenium sulfite or ZPT(Doctor NDTV). Conditioners They are used in softening hair after washing it with shampoo. Conditioners coat the hair with protective material such as silicone making the hair feel softer, shiny and less(prenominal) likely to tangle.Silicones are the base substance in making conditioner along with natural oils such as shampoos(Burke ). Hair dryer, curled irons and hair crimpers Those are electric devices used to dry wet and curling it using hot air blowout . They produce heat and consume more electricity ,and it may cause damage to hair if heat was high. Many kinds of those gadgets are designed to produce more heat to style thick strands of hair(Sloane ). Hair sprays and hair gels These products are using many different kinds of polymers used to realize the hairs look and keep it stable (Make a date with your hair 73). Hair dyes Products that are used to change the color of hair for many weeks. Bleaching is achieved by oxidation with Hy drogen Peroxide (Hocker and Popescu 36). Hair cut equipments Like scissors,clippers,electric trimmers, brushes and combs. Every day millions of men and women all over the globe is cutting and copse their hair. Every time that happen ,lots of hair are deep in thought(p) ,removed and thrown a way. Hair chemical science Biologically, hair is the filamentous appendage on the skin of mammals.Chemically, it is a coordination compound material in which both the reinforcing fibers and the matrix are made of proteins (Hocker and Popescu 36). Hair fibers, roughly cylindrical with diameters ranging from 10m to 100m, are multicellular tissues. The heart of the fiber is surrounded by the cuticle, made of plate-like overlapping cells whose heights can reaching up to 1m. severally cuticle cell has four layers the epicuticle the a-layer the exocuticle and the endocuticle. Inside the cuticle, the cortex contains spindle-like interlocking cortical cells, with cell membrane complex in-between.Ea ch cortical cell is composed of macrofibrils embedded in an intermacrofibrillar material. Each macrofibril consists of microfibrils, called the intermediate filaments (IF), themselves embedded in an intermicrofibrillar matrix composed of intermediate filament associated proteins (IFAP). Thus, hair is a composite material with a complex dual structure at all levels(Hocker and Popescu 36). In brief, elemental compend of hair shows, remarkably independently of hair origin, 50wt% carbon, 7wt% hydrogen, 22wt% oxygen, 16wt% nitrogen and 5wt% sulfur(Hocker and Popescu 36).Global warming effects that relate to Hair care industry Global warming especially alarms bioenvironmentalists and social greens, because the three main greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide) arise from core economic activities (automobile use, electricity generation, factories, agriculture, and deforestation),while the main consequences (rising seas, severe storms, drought, and desertification) ar e beyond the lifetimes of politicians and business surpassershipperhaps occurring in 50 to 100 years.And the impacts, when they are most severe, will be mostly tangle by the poor, marginalized peoples of the world. Obviously, lowering greenhouse gas emissions will involve major changes to global economic output and consumption patterns (Clapp and Dauvergne 39) not only hair care industry in the near future. It will require, too, governmental, corporate, and ain sacrifices. Its known now that a huge part of earths warming is due to human activity. Humens are destroying the planet and global warming is one way for that.Global warming has many bad effects as we briefed earlyier. Its more likely to discuss how hair care industry affecting the global warming . It what was announced by Al Gore, American former vise-president and Nobel Prize achiever in Bali climate conference held this month that hair cuts and thrown away hair cutting decay, give massive amounts of green house gase s, which contributes to the severe global warming crisis. They wanted us to go baldy (Al Gore Finds New cause of Global Warming).We will discuss how global warming affect the hair care industry with all the climate change criteria and harmful gases found in the air . A different point of view but a remarkable one to study. environmental scientists predict that, from global warming of 0. 82. 0C will commit 1835 percent of physical and plant species to extinction by the middle of the twenty first century (Clapp and Dauvergne 35). Plants are the main source for natural oils and substances used in making hair products such as, Cacao extracts, grapeshot seed oil, roses, safflower and even bananas.Tropical plants are the most used in this industry. Global warming effect on those plants are very svere, so that hair care products are having problems in get its raw mterials. Many surfactants for example are derived from plant oils like coconut or palm shopping mall (Hargreaves). Even if hair products company are saying they dont use animals in their experiments, they still use them and with the bad effect of climate over different animal species, Those companies will not be able to develop their future products.Global warming is a result of what we called greenhouse gases(Global warming) . Some of them are harmful gases like,Cabon dioxide, nitrous oxides and Ozone(not the ozone type in the upper atmosphere). If we study the situation of every gas we may find that, higher concentrations of carbon dioxidecould mean an even higher rate of extinctions of animal and plants species, because they breathe Oxygen just like we do and as we said before that may lead to less natural products for hair care industry and less development to those products(Clapp and Dauvergne 54).In the air, nitrogen oxide from fossil fuel combustion reacts with volatile hydrocarbons and sunlight to produce smog, a nasty mix of photochemical oxidants, one of which is ozone (Speth 72) and according to hair chemical composition, hair absorbs moisture due to the polar amino hot residues of the at bottom of the hair (Hocker and Popescu 36), this cause harm to hair, which make it essential to repeat hair treatment processes and it may cause hair and scalp disease.Nitrogen Oxides can also become nitric acid and contribute to acid deposition through acid rain downs, which also contains harmful substances to hair health (Speth 45) . Acid rain is also a cause for water supply pollution due to rain falling on centripetal water sources such as rivers and lakes, Polluting water sources may directly affect the hair care industry, due to the daily use of water in washing hair for probably every one. Acid rain coming from Nitrogen Oxides may pollute soil, forests, and crops (Speth 86) and of course making the same effect on plants and animals that are essential to hair care industry.Acid rains made thousands of lakes have gone acid (Speth 53), that means any kind of swimming of any of those lakes or water area contaminated by acids may cause hair loss or diseases. After a few years, scientists predict that global warming will cause shortage in universal water supplies . that may cause less water washing habits (Elsworth), less hygiene and of course it may cause diseases. Global warming is making the atmosphere on earth hotter than before (Girardet 19) and sunlight concentration is one of the most harmful effects on humans health. Skin cancers are believed to be caused mainly by sunlight .Skin cancers may dole out over the body even into hair scalp, causing severe hair loss (Armstrong 141-55). Losing hair for both men and women are emotionally destructive, so both of them may use hair wags or imitative hair parts to cover there baldness. Some kinds of skin rashes due to water or air pollution with green house gases may cause hair loss also(Doctor NDTV). modality change ,high humidity ratios and long time sunlight effects are all factors that can injure the hai r or make them very dry (Doctor NDTV)and of course that what would global warming do.Attitudes toward Global Warming and their effects Men and women and even Hair care companies started a new attitude in dealing with global warming and climate change problem. First of all, we must admit that hair care products with all their chemical materials, promotion bottles and even the misusage of these products are a big problem causing more and more environmental threats. government activity started putting some regulations and laws to fight global warming increase .Hair products companies that still use harmful ingredients such as ,Sodium Laureth sulphate and sodium lauryl sulphate they are found to be a cause for some kinds of cancers( SLES),started searching for natural alternatives to use in shampoos, conditioners and any other products. Companies are increasingly fair aware of environmental issues . Some companies are now trying to use technology in making hair products with excellen t suspending power, low freezing point and wide thermal stability range(-5 C to 50 C) (Burke ),so that they may survive the global warming bad effects.Companies also targets to make new products with reduced environmental impact over the upcoming years, in an attempt to improve the environmental profile of its products and their packaging materials by reducing CO2 emissions, energy and water consumption used to make those products. Some of those companies continue with some environmental projects like Childrens Safe Drinking Water Program done by P&G hair Products Company (Product & supplier news).Governments also put under Current pressure to move away from non-renewable petroleum feed stocks and towards plants as sources of raw materials, which has led to a lot of effort on developing surfactants from oleo chemical feed stocks. Many recently-developed surfactants are an attempt to satisfy the modern consumers trust for products to be more natural(Hargreaves). The elimination of C hlorofluorocarbons (Global Warming) is also another effort to decrease the global warming effect not only on hair care industry but on any other human activity.Many people is trying to avoid using chemicals in their hair care regimes. Instead, they are using natural herbs and oils extracted from organic plants that is planted under observation to avoid pollution. Because of this weighty effort to produce such substances, they are sold in high prices, not every one could be able to use those organic products. Also going to hair saloons became unadvisable from many environmental scientists, they are not environment friendly, which cause many to abandon those saloons and of course causing financial lost to many of those hair care branches.Maybe some hair saloons will only specialize in organic and natural products and because of the high prices of their products, only rich people will keep going to them. Bali humor Change Conference (Al Gore Finds New cause ) declared that haircuts m ay raise green house gases amount. Maybe in the future, every body is going bald to avoid environmental crisis or even worse, we may be not able to even wash our hair, just like Cate Blanchett (Elsworth) is doing now. modality is treating our hair badly, lets all go baldy.Works CitedGlobal Warming. The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th,New York. 2004. Clapp, Jennifer, and Peter Dauvergne. Paths to a Green WorldThe Political Economy of the Global Environment. Cambridge, Massachusetts The MIT Press, 2005. Surviving the CenturyFacing Climate Chaos and Other Global Challenges. Ed. Herbert Girardet. London Earthscan, 2007. Speth, James. Red Sky at Morning America and the Crisis of the Global Environment. USA Yale University Press, 2004.

TOLAC vs. elective repeat cesarean delivery

whatsoever scar tissue is weaker than original tissue, but can usually carry the function of the organ. With past hysterectomy the womb is weakened by the surgical cut increase the chance uterine deplume during labor (when the uterine muscles work hard to push the fetus though the birth canal).The consequences of such thus fart can be catastrophic for both the mother and the baffle prompting obstetricians to recommending elective cesarean section to their patients. Cesarean section, even when scheduled ahead of time, is still a major abdominal surgery putting patients at happen of complications such as lacerations of the intestines and bladder, infection, hemorrhage, development of DO and pulmonary embolism. Post surgical adhesions can result in bowel obstructions, infertility, organ displacements and pain.Through years of research, it has been proven that babies delivered via C-section are at growthd risk for respiratory complications and NICE stays (Kamala, 2009). Mothers c onsidering elective go back cesarean should be aware that multiple scars on the womb can complicate future pregnancies resulting in conditions such as placenta Prevail and placenta accurate. Multiple hysterectomies (cut though the uterus) increase the risk of necessary hysterectomy (removal of the organ) during or even after the surgery.Because the risks increase with each consequent cesarean, mothers delivering via this method should be educated about possible limit on the number of future pregnancies (London, 2011 AGOG, 2010) Despite the dangers associated with repeat cesarean, supporters of this method argue that the risks associated with elective surgical delivery are lower than those associated with emergency c-section following uterine rupture . Because of the re moroseions on the TOTAL candi designations as well as limited interventions augmenting delivery during TOTAL, for many mothers repeat cesarean is the only safe woof of delivering her scotch.TOTAL / ABACA In the late asss of last century an increasing number of cesarean deliveries prompt the National Institute of Health and American College of Obstetrics and Genealogy to advertise B providers to allow woman with prior Cesarean an option for vaginal earth. TOTAL has since become a customary choice increasing in numbers up to mid asss reaching 28% in 1996 ( AGOG, 2010). ) To some mothers natural delivery is a very definitive aspect of welcoming a baby to the world.Among the advantages of successful ABACA, shortened hospitals stay and greatly decreased recovery times oftentimes are important considerations for mothers who already strike one or more children in the house. Natural offset of labor often is associated with developmental readiness of the fetus and results with lower NICE stays. Passing done the birth canal pushes he fluid out of the babys lungs easing the first breaths and decreasing respiratory distress. Natural labor stimulates production of colostrums and speeds up secreti on of milk, allowing newborns a better nutritional start (London, et. All, 2011).Careful selection of candidates for TOTAL decrease the dangers associated with this option, but overserious risks for both mother and baby remain. As Mentioned earlier uterine rupture is among the worse case scenarios, granting the imply for emergency cesarean section. Health research established that the risk of uterine tear or rupture upends on the kind of incision(s) forwardly performed on the uterus. The classic hysterectomy is associated with the greatest risks of rupture during labor. This kind of incision was popular in the past and consisted of high vertical cut though the fibers of the upper part of the uterus.Low vertical hysterectomy is standardised to classic incision, but take place in the lower non portion of the uterus, resulting in fewer risk of rupture during future labor, however because the incision cuts through the number of fibers in the uterus (vertical cut through the crosswi sely align smooth muscles of uterus) the risk is still greater than the low transverse incision. The latest one, macrocosm the safest and most commonly performed nowadays ( authentic situations however prompt the B provider to use vertical or other incisions of the uterus, those whitethorn include emergency, multiple gestations, unfavorable position of the fetus).Because the superficial cut though the struggle may not match the direction of the hysterectomy, adequate review of the patient documentation form the anterior deliveries is necessary to assure patients safety during trial of labor. Vertical incisions almost always grant the patient the rent for the repeat cesarean ( London, et all, 2011). Because of the real risk of uterine rupture, mothers attempting TOTAL should be closely monitored during labor outer monitors should be attached to continuously observe frequency of contractions and fetal heart rate.Rapid change in the fetal heart rate, combined with the loss of con traction on the monitor may be associated with the tear in the uterus. Certain medications and procedures may increase womans risk of uterine rupture inducing labor with Piton or certain prostaglandin s among such actions therefore limiting Totals to spontaneous offset of labor. Delivering the baby past its due date is associated with larger babies increasing the strain on the weakened uterus. (Guise, et. Al, 2010) In addition to the presence of the favorable horizontal uterine incision, mothers should meet other recommended criteria to film the greatest chance of successful TOTAL pelvis impound for delivery, body weight less than 200 lbs and favorable fetal position at the time of delivery along with overleap of overall health conditions (diabetes, hypertension Just to name a few)(AGOG, 2010). It is thought that previous vaginal delivery (whether before the C-section or ABACA) greatly increases the chances for successful vaginal delivery, while lack of such experience may sway t he providers away from TOTAL.A providers personal experience with TOTAL may withal play a role when choices regarding delivery are discussed. CONCLUSION Despite the benefits of ABACA and the reduced medicals risks that have come with advancement in the field, ABACA deliveries are on the decline from their high. sic however, medico-legal issues and concerns about the risk of uterine rupture have undistributed to a reversal in this trend (Angstrom, 2011) and in 2006 only 8. 5% of woman successfully gave vaginal birth after previous c-section experience (AGOG, 2010).Nowadays less than 10% of mothers chooses TOTAL over elective cesarean, between 60 and 80% of them will successfully deliver their baby vaginally (ABACA). Despite great chances for successful outcomes of TOTAL many facilities and providers dont offer their patients an option for TOTAL, pressing the expecting mothers for elective surgery. This may have been the result of earlier strict recommendations released by the AGOG i n the asss which requiring facilities offering TOTAL to have ability of performing emergency cesarean sections on woman with failed TOTAL dames, 2010).Despite novel loosening of those strict requirements in August of 2010 many hospitals still offer repeat cesarean as the only option available. Attempting TOTAL in facilities that are not equipped for emergent situations seems very risky, as labor may quickly change its direction and put the mother and her baby at risk (situation that may break during any labor). Additionally, attempting TOTAL at facilities that start offering it due to a change in recent recommendations seems also to favorable for the mother as those facilities lack personnel trained and accustomed to the care of labour woman with a history of cesarean.