Marketing & Advertising Essay

Agriculture, also called farming or husbandry, is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi, and another(prenominal) life forms for food, fiber, biofuel and other products used to sustain life.1 Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticatedspecies created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization. The study of agriculture is cognize as agricultural science. Agriculture mostly speaking refers to human activities, although it is also observed in certain species of ant and termite.23 The word agriculture is the English adaption of Latin agricultra, from ager, a field,4 and cultra, cultivation in the strict sense of agriculture of the soil.5 Thus, a literal reading of the word yields tillage of fields.In finance, a bond is an instrument of indebtedness of the bond issuer to the holders. It is a debt security, under which the issuer owes the holders a debt and, depending on the terms of the bond, is obliged to pay them following (the coupon) and/or to repay the principal at a later date, termed the maturity.1Interest is usually payable at fixed intervals (semiannual, annual, more or lesstimes monthly). Very much the bond is negotiable, i.e. the self-will of the instrument can be transferred in the secondary market.2Capitalism is an sparing organization that is found on the private ownership of capital goods, or the inwardness of production, and the creation of goods and services for profit.12 3 Elements central to Capitalism include capital accumulation, competitive markets, and a price system.4Commerce is the whole system of an economy that constitutes an environment for business. The system includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural, and technological systems that ar in operation in any outlandish. Thus, commerce is a system or an environment that affects the business prospects of an economy or a nation-state.It can also be defined as a component of busine ss which includes all activities, functions and institutions involved in transferring goods from producers to consumer.Competition in biology, ecology, and sociology, is a compete between organisms, animals, individuals, groups, etc., for territory, a niche, or a location of resources, for resources and goods, for prestige, recognition, awards, mates, or group or social status, for leadership it is the opposite of cooperation.12 It arises whenever at least two parties r each(prenominal) for a goal which cannot be shared or which is desired individually but not in sharing and cooperation. Competition occurs naturally between upkeep organisms which co-exist in the sameenvironment.3For example, animals compete over water supplies, food, mates, and other biological resources. Humans compete usually for food and mates, though when these needs are met deep rivalries often arise over the pursuit of wealth, prestige, and fame. Competition is also a major tenet in market economy and busine ss is often associated with rivalry as closely companies are in competition with at least one other firm over the same group of customers, and also competition inner(a) a company is usually stimulated for meeting and reaching higher quality of services or products that the company produce or develop. A competition or trade promotion lottery, is also the equivalent of sweepstakes in some countries.consumerAn individual who buys products or services for personal use and not for manufacture or resale. A consumer is someone who can make the decision whether or not to purchase an item at the store, and someone who can be influenced by marketing and advertisements. Any time someone goes to a store and purchases a toy, shirt, beverage, or anything else, they are making that decision as a consumer.Credit (from Latin religious doctrine transl. I believe ) is the trust which allows one party to yield resources to another party where that second party does not reimburse the first party right away (thereby generating a debt), but instead arranges either to repay or return those resources (or other materials of equal value) at a later date. The resources provided may be fiscal (e.g. granting a loan), or they may consist of goods or services (e.g. consumer credit). Credit encompasses any form of deferred payment.1 Credit is extended by a creditor, also know as a lender, to a debtor, also known as a borrower.A currency (from Middle English curraunt, meaning in circulation) in the most specific use of the word refers to money in any form when in actual use or circulation, as a medium of exchange, specially circulating paper money. This use is synonymous with banknotes, or (sometimes) with banknotes plus coins, meaning the physical tokens used for money by a government.12deposit1. Funds located into an account at a depository institution to increase the credit balance of the account. 2. Down payment given in advance to support the goal to complete a commercial transa ction.Depression is not caused by a virus like a cold or the mumps. There is no parenthood test that declares the presence of depression. There are many theories on the causation of depression but unfortunately none have been conclusively validated.distributionIn marketing, distribution is the process of moving a product from its manufacturing source to its customers. In computer software, distribution is the phase that follows packaging. The package will be on some distribution medium, such as compact disc, or may be simply located on a server where customers can download it electronically.dividendA taxable payment declared by a companys board of directors and given to its shareholders appear of the companys current or well-kept earnings, usually quarterly. Dividends are usually given as cash (cash dividend), but they can also take the form of stock (stock dividend) or other property. Dividends provide an incentive to own stock in stable companies even if they are not experiencin g much growth. Companies are not required to pay dividends. The companies that offer dividends are most often companies that have progressed beyond the growth phase, and no longer benefit sufficiently by reinvesting their profits, so they usually choose to pay them out to their shareholders. also called payout.Economics is the social science that analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term economics comes from theAncient Greek (oikonomia, management of a household, administration) from (oikos, house) + (nomos, custom or virtue), hence rules of the house(hold).1 Political economy was the earlier name for the subject, but economists in the late 19th century suggested economics as a shorter term for economic science that also avoided a narrow political-interest connotation and as similar in form to mathematics, ethics, and so forthThis term export is derived from the conceptual meaning as to ship the goods and services out of the port of a country. The seller of such goods and services is referred to as an exporter who is based in the country of export whereas the overseas based buyer is referred to as an importeeer. In International Trade, exports refers to selling goods and services produced in the home country to other marketsThe term import is derived from the conceptual meaning as the goods and services into the port of a country. The buyer of such goods and services is referred to an importer who is based in the country of import where the overseas based seller is referred to as an exporter. 1 Thus an import is any good(e.g. a commodity) or service brought in from one country to another country in a legitimate fashion, typically for use in trade. It is a good that is brought in from another country for sale.2 Imported goods or services are provided to domestic consumers by foreign producers. An import in the receiving country is an export to the sending countryIncome is the consumption and savings opportunity gained by an entity within a specified timeframe, that is generally expressed in monetary terms 1 However, for households and individuals, income is the sum of all the wages, salaries, profits, interests payments, rents and other forms of earnings received in a given period of time.In economics, lump is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time.1 When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services. Consequently, inflation also reflects an erosion in the purchasing power of money a loss of real value in the internal medium of exchange and unit of account within the economy.23 A chief measure of price inflation is the inflation rate, the annualized percentage change in a general price index (normally the Consumer Price Index) over timeInterdependence is a relationship in which each member is mutually leechlike on the others. This concept differs from a dependence relationship, where some membe rs are dependent and some are not.Macroeconomics (from the Greek prefix makro- meaning large and economics) is a ramification of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole, rather than individual markets. This includes national, regional, and global economies.12 Withmicroeconomics, macroeconomics is one of the two most general fields in economics.